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Anhanguera (pterosaur)
''Anhanguera'' (meaning "old devil") is a genus of pterodactyloid pterosaur known from the Lower-Cretaceous (Aptian age, 112Ma) Santana Formation of Brazil, with referred specimens found in the Upper Chalk Formation and Cambridge Greensand of the UK (up to the late Cenomanian age, 94Ma). This pterosaur is closely related to ''Ornithocheirus'', and belongs in the family Ornithocheiridae within its own subfamily, Anhanguerinae.〔Campos, D. de A., and Kellner, A. W. (1985). "Un novo exemplar de ''Anhanguera blittersdorffi'' (Reptilia, Pterosauria) da formaçao Santana, Cretaceo Inferior do Nordeste do Brasil." In Congresso Brasileiro de Paleontologia, Rio de Janeiro, Resumos, p. 13.〕
==Description==
''Anhanguera'' was a fish-eating animal with a wingspan of about 4.5 m (15 ft). Like many other ornithocheirids, ''Anhanguera'' had a rounded crests at front of its upper and lower jaws, which were filled with angled, conical but curved teeth of various sizes and orientations. Like many of its relatives, the jaws were tapered in width, but expanded into a broad, spoon-shaped rosette at the tip. It is distinguished from its relatives by subtle differences in the crest and teeth: unlike its close relatives ''Coloborhynchus'' and ''Ornithocheirus'', the crest on the upper jaw of ''Anhanguera'' did not begin at the tip of the snout, but was set farther back on the skull. Like many ornithocheiroids, (most notably the pteranodonts but also in ornithocheirids such as ''Ludodactylus'') ''Anhanguera'' had an additional crest protruding from the back of the skull. However, it was reduced to a small, blunt projection in these animals.〔Kellner, A.W.A. and Tomida, Y. (2000). "Description of a new species of Anhangueridae (Pterodactyloidea) with comments on the pterosaurfauna from the Santana Formation (Aptian–Albian), northeastern Brazil." Tokyo, National Science Museum (''National Science Museum Monographs'', 17).〕
A study in 2003 showed that ''Anhanguera'' held its head at an angle to the ground due to its inner ear structure, which helped the animal detect its balance.〔Witmer, L.M., Chatterjee, S., Franzosa, J. and Rowe, T. (2003). "Neuroanatomy of flying reptiles and implications for flight, posture and behaviour." ''Nature'', 425(6961): 950-954. 〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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